The value of Vin must not change during the entire conversion procedure. Therefore, this circuit requires an external sample-and-hold (S/H) function. In place of the resistive-ladder DAC, most modern ...

What do the circuits look like for 12-bit, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) systems? These systems can be found in handheld meters, data loggers, automotive systems, and monitoring systems, to name a ...